You already have an idea of the basics of encapsulation and other means of dealing with lead paint. These are the different abatement methods defined by the Residential Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction of 1992 to permanently address hazards.
Note that the law’s definition of permanent is not the same as what we know. In this case, what has considered permanent by the law is a fix or method of addressing lead paint that surpasses twenty years in terms of effectiveness.
From this definition alone, we can see why all these four methods fit their definition of permanent:
- Replacement or changing the component of a house. It includes things such as moldings and windows with lead paint with a new one that is completely lead-free.
- Encapsulation
- Enclosure
- Removal
Often confused with the RRP rule that focuses on activities that may disturb the paint, the goal of abatement is only to remove hazards permanently. However, this does not necessarily mean the removal of lead paint. That is why encapsulation and enclosure still fall under this category.
You are already aware that the paint condition is a big factor in the effectiveness and longevity of encapsulants. But, another key factor that you need to be aware of is the surface.
Unfortunately, not all surfaces are suitable for applying encapsulants. Those that they can be applied to include:
- Non-glossy surfaces. Glossy ones must first be treated with chemical deglossers or undergo wet sanding to roughen up the surface. It’s since encapsulants stick best on rough surfaces.
- Undamaged and architecturally-sound areas. Any damage present must first be repaired before adding encapsulants.
- Surfaces that are dry, clean, and free of contaminants. Note that there are options that are water-based and can work on damp, but not wet surfaces. Some can still be effective. But, it should not be applied over surfaces affected by water leaks and excessive moisture.
Encapsulants must not also be applied on surfaces or areas where they will be frequently exposed to friction, such as in high traffic areas. These areas are those where people frequently walk on or interact with, such as doors and windows. Floors and stairs are other examples.
These areas and surfaces easily succumb to wear and tear, which greatly affects longevity. The encapsulant underneath may soon be affected if the surface paint is damaged. It may eventually cause dangerous dust to be released into the atmosphere.
If the surface shows deterioration, encapsulating is still not advisable. It can be a loose wall or becoming separate from the lath. A damaged surface will soon affect the paint present, affecting the encapsulant.
This possibility is the biggest disadvantage versus other methods of addressing the issue. Other cons that you should know of are:
- Wrong installation will eventually cause lifting of the encapsulant and eventual peeling. It’s particularly when installing over lead.
- It needs to be regularly checked for any signs of damage, as encapsulation can fail over time.
- You must test it onsite before applying the product to determine if it will properly adhere to the surface.
- Certain products can produce hazardous waste.
- Weak or thin products can be easily broken or chipped.
- If thick encapsulants are required, this may cover up decorative elements of the surface, such as in moldings.
- Different surfaces may require different types of products, lessening its cost-effectiveness.
Despite these disadvantages, encapsulation may be the ideal way for you to deal with lead because of the following advantages:
- It is inexpensive compared to other abatement methods.
- It does not generate harmful dust, making it one of the safest methods available.
- It requires little to no preparation.
- it is quick to apply.
- The encapsulant is applied in smaller sections. Those living in the same house can simply stay in another area of the house and not vacate the premises while work is ongoing.
- You have a wide variety of options available out on the market. Aside from the traditional ones, manufacturers are also coming up with products that are environment-friendly. They pose no harm to its users.
Removal poses a greater risk. This type of work is often state-regulated and is best done by professionals. The upfront costs are higher, and removing them means moving out temporarily until the work is done. It results in additional expenses for homeowners. Workers must also install barriers in the site to contain dangerous particles that become airborne or any substances contaminated by it, such as water.
If you want a quick and cheap but still reliable method of dealing with the issue, encapsulation is your best bet. But if you want a more permanent solution, the best way is to get it removed.
